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October 23, 2015

Gut Health 101: Why Your Microbiome Matters

Last Updated on October 7, 2020

Gut health 101: The latest research on the human microbiome — the trillions of bacteria that live on and in our bodies — suggests that these little critters do a lot more to keep us healthy than we ever imagined. Are you feeding your gut what it needs to keep you healthy?

pin with title text and photo of brussels sprouts, broccoli, and beans on cutting board

We don’t give them much thought, but our microbes can have a powerful influence on our health, for better or worse (these days, it’s usually worse. 

Why Gut Health Matters

Recent research has begun to link the makeup of our microbiomes to a slew of health outcomes from obesity and related chronic diseases to depression.

While plenty of research remains to be done on optimizing gut health, scientists now believe that these microscopic residents of our intestinal tracts may control how we convert food to energy, our mood, how our immune systems function (or misfire), and what diseases we get or evade.

Biologist Rob Knight, co-founder of the American Gut Project and co-author of a new book, Follow Your Gut: The Enormous Impact of Tiny Microbes, explains: “Researchers have linked microbes to all kinds of diseases we didn’t know they were involved in, from obesity to arthritis to depression, over the past few years.”

Knight notes that this research is still in the early stages, that “we are just starting to understand how to guide what actions you should take to improve your microbes to improve health.”

gut health

While we can’t yet say for certain that eating A or B will lead to outcome Y or Z, research to date points to some basic guidelines that promote gut health. In a nutshell, the Standard American Diet (with the fitting acronym SAD), tends to decrease the diversity of our gut.

Why is that a problem? Different microbes do different jobs, creating nutrients we need to thrive or neurotransmitters that affect our mood.

If we’re lacking in certain kinds of microbes, we may find ourselves deficient in important compounds that help us ward off infection or manage stress. According to Robin Chutkan, MD, author of The Microbiome Solution, “There is a direct connection between species diversity in the gut and inflammation, allergy, obesity, autoimmune diseases and likely several other conditions.”

Research suggests that the American diet’s overemphasis of meat and processed food has led to imbalances in our microbial communities that may contribute to the “epidemics” of obesity and concomitant health conditions.

What should you feed your microbes to promote gut health?

gut health

If you want a healthier diversity of microbes in your gut, you need to feed your resident bugs things they like. If your diet currently consists mainly of burgers, white bread, and fruit loops, I have some bad news for you. Nope, not the good critters’ favorite eats.

Knight says the research thus far suggests that we should avoid white flour, sugar, artificial additives and highly-processed food in favor of minimally-processed “real food” such as whole grains, colorful fruits and veggies, and some more surprising choices like butter instead of margarine.

Eating a diverse array of vegetables, fruits, and grains looks like it’s important, too. Sticking with nothing but carrots and romaine lettuce is less likely to please your gut bugs than varying your choices pretty widely. But if those are the only vegetables you like, eating them often is far better than not eating veggies at all!

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Can’t I just take a supplement to promote gut health?

gut health

Unfortunately, it looks like you can’t make up for a poor diet with a pill. While this attention to gut health has led to a rise in sales of probiotic supplements, according to Chutkan, the evidence isn’t there that supplements help populate the gut with good bugs. She cautions, “We can’t just replace lost bacteria with store bought ones.”

Chutkan worries that a probiotic “lulls people into a false sense of security that they’re actually doing something, when they really should be focusing on the food.”

Some studies have suggested that certain strains of probiotics may help with particular conditions, but lots more research needs to be conducted before we can treat ailments using probiotics with certainty. Plus, no one’s checking that those pills contain what they say, so you may be wasting your money.

Some probiotic-containing foods could help if you work them into your otherwise gut-healthy diet. The “live cultures” found in fermented foods like pickles, sauerkraut and kefir may help repopulate a gut that’s been hit with a round of antibiotics or suffered too long from poor food choices.

I make a lot of probiotic-rich homemade yogurt, which is *absurdly easy* and saves us $1000 a year!

But far more important than probiotics for gut health, it seems, are the fiber-rich foods called prebiotics. According to Chutkan, “Poorly digested plant fiber is the food that helps, not sugar-filled yogurts and other dairy products that may taste good, but don’t have enough live bacteria to really make a difference.”  Instead, she says, focus on “fibrous plants like oats, asparagus, leeks, artichokes, lentils that are great for the microbiome” and consider adding kimchee, sauerkraut and non-dairy kefir for extra measure.

Dandelion root is another excellent source of prebiotics as well, and it’s readily available in a weed patch near you.

Even if we’re not completely certain how all these complex processes affect disease and health, findings thus far support the plant-based, real food diet that nutritionists generally agree is better for us anyway than a processed, meat-centric one.

Bonus: A plant-based whole foods diet is also far better for the planet.

Check out these great recipes using zucchini, pumpkin, beans, kale, sweet potatoes, and spaghetti squash to get more veggies into your diet. Or try this tasty vegan chili on a cool fall night. If you’re concerned about getting enough protein on a mostly plant-based diet, here’s what you need to know about the best vegan protein sources.

Some of your microbes’ favorite eats — eat more for a healthy gut:
♦ oats and whole grains
♦ lentils and beans
♦ leeks (especially the green part)
♦ onions
♦ celery
♦ asparagus
♦ artichokes
♦ sunchoke or Jerusalem artichoke (not really an artichoke, but an easy-to-grow perennial vegetable with an edible root)

gut health

…and some of their least favorite:
♦ artificial colors, sweeteners, and flavorings
♦ refined flour and sugar
♦ meat
♦ dairy

Need some inspiration to start eating more plants to support gut health? Here are some great places to start:

Forks Over Knives
Cooking Light Easy Vegetarian
Plant Based On a Budget
One Green Planet Vegan Meal Plans

Find money-saving, plant-based recipes plus strategies for making the healthiest food fit your budget in my FREE guide Affordable Healthy Food. Get your copy here.

Pin to save these gut health tips for later!

gut health -- pin with photos of brassicas and leeks plus title text

Some interesting recent articles on microbiome research:
Gretel Schueller, “How Good Gut Bacteria Could Transform Your Health” (Eating Well)
Michael Pollan, “Some of My Best Friends Are Germs” (New York Times)
Caitriona M. Guinane and Paul D. Cotter, “Role of the gut microbiota in health and chronic gastrointestinal disease: understanding a hidden metabolic organ” (Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology)
Zhenjiang Xu and Rob Knight, “Dietary effects on human gut microbiome diversity” (British Journal of Nutrition)

Disclaimer: I’m a healthy food enthusiast, not a microbiologist or medical professional. Content on this website is intended for informational (maybe inspirational!) purposes only and is not meant to provide personalized medical advice. I draw on numerous health sources, a few of which you will find in the reference list above. Please consult them for more information and a licensed professional for personalized recommendations.

Photo credits: AJC ajcann.wordpress.com, Le living and co,  www.homejobsbymom.com, Liz West, Pawel Pacholec via Flickr

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Susannah

Susannah is a proud garden geek and energy nerd who loves healthy food and natural remedies. Her work has appeared in Mother Earth Living, Ensia, Northern Gardener, Sierra, and on numerous websites. Her first book, Everything Elderberry, released in September 2020 and has been a #1 new release in holistic medicine, naturopathy, herb gardening, and other categories. Find out more and grab your copy here.

Filed Under: Health & Natural Remedies, Healthy Food, Healthy Food & Easy Recipes, Impact, Miscellaneous, uncategorized Tagged With: food, gut health, healthy eating, microbiome

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Comments

  1. Jessica says

    November 15, 2015 at 4:14 pm

    Great, great post! I love reading about gut health. thanks for linking up to Simply Natural Saturdays. I’m sharing your post on FB and Twitter.

    Reply
    • healthygreensavvy says

      November 15, 2015 at 5:10 pm

      Thanks, Jessica! I love seeing all the other wonderful posts linked on Simply Natural Saturdays — great idea! Already shared your link on Pinterest and Google + 🙂

      Reply
  2. Lauren says

    December 3, 2015 at 6:18 am

    You write a great and informative post. Will be sharing it. Thanks.

    Reply
    • healthygreensavvy says

      December 3, 2015 at 1:23 pm

      Thanks for the comment (and the shares,) Lauren! What do you feed your critters to keep them happy?

      Reply
  3. Deborah Davis says

    January 19, 2016 at 3:07 am

    I couldn’t agree more! A healthy gut diet and lifestyle takes smart planning and organization. And thanks for enlightening us that you can’t make up for a poor diet with a probiotic pill. I am so delighted that you shared “Are You Feeding Your Microbiome Right” with us at the Healthy Happy Green and Natural Party! Thank you so much for sharing your gems and for your support! Pinning and sharing! All the best, Deborah

    Reply
  4. Dr. Jennifer Weinberg MD MPH | Simple Pure Whole Wellness says

    January 19, 2016 at 3:57 pm

    Happy to have found this great post via the Healthy Happy Green Link party! Thank you for this valuable information.

    Reply
  5. Karen Grosz says

    April 2, 2016 at 11:15 pm

    I am a total believer that health begins in the gut. Thanks for sharing the message. Thanks for sharing on Let’s Get Real Friday Link Party.

    Reply
  6. Dani says

    April 3, 2016 at 7:11 pm

    Thanks for this. I have read quite a lot about eating food that is good for the gut and I think that we are only coming to realise how important it is. I definitely feel much better when I eat whole foods that are gentle on the gut. I also take supplements every few weeks and I find this helps too. Especially when some of my little cravings get in the way and ruin the whole plan! The more we learn the better though I think.

    Reply
  7. Angela says

    April 5, 2016 at 4:37 pm

    I really enjoyed this post! Thank you for sharing it at the Sunday Fitness & Food Link-Up, Pinned 🙂

    Reply
  8. Raia says

    April 15, 2016 at 11:10 am

    Great post, Susannah! Gut health is definitely something that needs to be talked about more! Thanks so much for sharing this with us at Savoring Saturdays. Hope to see you back again this weekend!

    Reply

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Hi, I'm Susannah, a garden geek, energy nerd, and fan of healthy food and natural remedies. Need some simple, practical solutions for living healthier and greener? You've come to the right place! More about me and my green projects here.

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